26. Trade · Minor · Needs Congress · Contested — excluded from counts
Negotiate multilateral and bilateral trade agreements
Printed page 810 26. Trade · from “The Case for Free Trade”
“Negotiate multilateral and bilateral trade agreements.”
What has happened
- Partially done
The bilateral half of the ask is delivered many times over and the multilateral half is not. By early 2026 the United States had concluded and begun implementing agreements with Japan (EO 14345, 2025-09-04), the European Union (2025-09-25), Korea (2025-12-04), Switzerland and Liechtenstein (2025-12-18) and Taiwan (2026-05-28), alongside Agreements on Reciprocal Trade signed with Argentina, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jordan, Malaysia, North Macedonia, Thailand and Viet Nam. Against that, the only multilateral instrument in the window is a request for comments, published 2026-02-26, on the *design* of a plurilateral agreement on trade in critical minerals; the two Action Plans that feed it (Japan 2026-03-19, the EU 2026-04-24) are themselves bilateral, and the WTO's 14th Ministerial Conference ended in impasse on 2026-03-30. `partial`, on §3b's two-object rule: one object delivered, the other not.
- USTR: Request for Comments on the Design of a Plurilateral Agreement on Trade in Critical Minerals and Policy Actions To Strengthen the Resilience of Critical Mineral Supply Chains
- USTR notice: Implementing Certain Tariff-Related Elements of the U.S.-Korea Strategic Trade and Investment Deal
- USTR notice: Implementing Certain Tariff-Related Elements of the Framework for a United States-Switzerland-Liechtenstein Agreement on Fair, Balanced, and Reciprocal Trade
- Partially done
The first bilateral agreement was concluded and implemented: Executive Order 14309 gave effect to the general terms of the United States-United Kingdom Economic Prosperity Deal, with Commerce implementing the automobile, automobile-part and civil-aircraft elements by notice on 2025-06-30.
- Attempted
Section 2(g) of the Presidential Memorandum "America First Trade Policy" directed USTR to "identify countries with which the United States can negotiate agreements on a bilateral or sector-specific basis to obtain export market access" and to recommend such agreements; section 2(f) directed a review of existing trade and sectoral agreements. Nothing had been negotiated on that date.
Research log
What was searched, and what didn’t count as evidence
Research notes
- Contested Recommendation from “The Case for Free Trade”. Flagged
requires_congressat extraction, but the ask itself — negotiate — is executive, and that is what was measured. None of these instruments is a congressionally approved free trade agreement; they are executive agreements implemented by tariff proclamation under existing delegations. A reviewer who reads “trade agreements” to mean the congressionally approved kind would put this at not started, which is a different rung, so the boundary is flagged for the consistency pass. - Related but distinct: #2102 (restore Trade Promotion Authority, not started) is the procedural machinery this Position wanted for exactly these negotiations, and it was never sought — the administration negotiated without it. #2106 (rejoin the TPP, not started) and #2104 (a WTO successor, not started) are the plurilateral asks that this bilateral record does not satisfy.
- The full list of Agreements on Reciprocal Trade was taken from USTR’s fact-sheet and press-release indexes for 2025 and 2026; the five cited above are the ones with Federal Register implementing instruments.
- Read 2026-09-03 (read-queue ticket 04): USTR’s own canonical list, and it confirms the shape.
https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/agreements-reciprocal-trade(read 2026-09-03; the page carries no date of its own) lists ten instruments — Malaysia, Cambodia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Argentina, Bangladesh, Taiwan, Indonesia, Ecuador and Jordan. Four are styled “Agreement … on Reciprocal Trade” with a tariff schedule and a joint statement (Malaysia, Cambodia, Bangladesh, and the AIT/TECRO instrument for Taiwan); four are frameworks towards an agreement (El Salvador, Guatemala, Argentina, Ecuador); Indonesia and Jordan are announced as finalized. Every one is bilateral, and no multilateral or plurilateral instrument appears on the page at all — not even the critical-minerals plurilateral this item already carries. partial stands on §3b’s two-object rule: the bilateral object is delivered many times over, the multilateral object is not delivered at all, and ten more bilaterals cannot carry a two-object ask to done. - The page’s list is not identical to the note above, which was built from USTR’s press-release indexes: North Macedonia, Thailand and Viet Nam are in the note and not on the page, and Indonesia, Taiwan and Jordan are on the page and not in the note. Neither list contradicts the other — the page is USTR’s current curation of concluded and framed agreements — and both point the same way on the multilateral half.
- A lead, not Evidence: USTR has dropped its “Agreements Under Negotiation” page. The canonical
statement of what is being negotiated,
ustr.gov/trade-agreements/agreements-under-negotiation, answers HTTP 403 up the whole ladder, and the parent pageustr.gov/trade-agreementsno longer lists it: the child list is Agreements on Reciprocal Trade · Free Trade Agreements · Trade & Investment Framework Agreements · Bilateral Investment Treaties · Other Initiatives, and the extracted hrefs carry nothing else. A page vanishing from a site’s navigation is an observation, not a citation. The consequence for this item and for #2117 and #2104 is that the negatives below reach USTR’s published agreements, not its negotiating pipeline; a negotiation not yet announced is unreadable.ustr.govhas no sitemap (404) and its search box is the client-side Google CSE trap recorded insource-apis.md, so there is no enumeration route.
- Action
- create
- Object
- Multilateral and bilateral trade agreements
- ID
- 2120